Predicting the identity and impact of future biological invaders: a priority for aquatic resource management

نویسندگان

  • Anthony Ricciardi
  • Joseph B. Rasmussen
چکیده

The identification and risk assessment of potential biological invaders would provide valuable criteria for the allocation of resources toward the detection and control of invasion threats. Yet, freshwater biologists have made few attempts at predicting potential invaders, apparently because such efforts are perceived to be costly and futile. We describe some simple, low-cost empirical approaches that would facilitate prediction and demonstrate their use in identifying high-risk species from an important donor region: the Ponto-Caspian (Black, Caspian, and Azov seas) basin. This region is the source of several freshwater organisms already invading North America, including the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis), ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Based on a thorough literature review, we identify 17 additional Ponto-Caspian animals that have recent invasion histories and are likely to be transported overseas in ship ballast water; moreover, their broad salinity tolerance could allow them to survive an incomplete ballast-water exchange. These results suggest that, unless current vectors are more effectively controlled, the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence River system and other North American inland waterways will continue to receive and be impacted by invasive Eurasian species. Résumé : L’identification des espèces susceptibles de devenir envahissantes et l’évaluation des risques qu’elles peuvent poser permettraient de définir des critères utiles pour l’affectation de ressources à la détection et à l’élimination des espèces nuisibles. Jusqu’ici, pourtant, les biologistes des eaux douces n’ont guère consacré de temps à cette question, de telles études paraissant être considérées comme coûteuses et inutiles. Nous décrivons ici des méthodes de prévision empiriques, simples et peu coûteuses et nous montrons comment les utiliser pour identifier les espèces à fort potentiel de nuisibilité d’une région qui peut être une importante source de ce genre d’organismes : le bassin pontocaspien (comprenant la mer Noire, la mer Caspienne et la mer d’Azov). C’est en effet de cette région que proviennent plusieurs des espèces qui ont déjà envahi les eaux douces nord-américaines et notamment la moule zébrée (Dreissena polymorpha), la moule quagga (Dreissena bugensis), la grémille (Gymnocephalus cernuus) et le gobie arrondi (Neogobius melanostomus). Dans une revue documentaire approfondie, nous avons relevé 17 autres espèces animales d’origine pontocaspienne qui ont récemment envahi d’autres régions et qui pourraient vraisemblablement être transportées jusqu’ici dans l’eau de ballast des bateaux arrivant d’outremer; de plus, comme ces espèces tolèrent des conditions de salinité très variées, elles pourraient survivre dans une eau de ballast incomplètement changée. Ces résultats donnent à penser qu’à défaut d’un contrôle plus rigoureux des vecteurs actuels, de nouvelles espèces envahissantes continueront d’être introduites d’Eurasie et de provoquer des dégâts dans le bassin des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent, ainsi que dans d’autres bassins hydrographiques de l’intérieur des terres en Amérique du

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تاریخ انتشار 1998